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What causes HNRNP-RNDDs?

Most HNRNP-RNDDs are caused by de novo variants in the HNRNP genes.
 

De novo variant: a brand new variant that is not carried by either parent. The variant occurs in an egg or sperm cell prior to fertilization, or closely after fertilization 

With a de novo variant, the likelihood of having another affected child is very low

A small number of individuals have inherited a variant that was mosaic (not in all cells) in a parent. 

The HNRNP-RNDDs have autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance

Autosomal Dominant variant: a variant that only one affected allele on an autosome (not a sex chromosome) is required for disease

HNRNPC-RNDD, HNRNPD-RNDD, HNRNPH1-RNDD,

Au-Kline Syndrome/HNRNPK-RNDD, HNRNPQ/SYNCRIP-RNDD, HNRNPU-RNDD, HNRNPUL1-RNDD, and HNRNPUL2-RNDD are autosomal dominant

X-linked variant: a variant that only one affected allele on the X chromosome (a sex chromosome, females have 2 X chromosomes and males have 1 X chromosome) is required for disease

HNRNPH2-RNDD and HNRNPG/RBMX-RNDDs are X-linked

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